树干毕赤酵母连续发酵戊糖己糖生成酒精

以30g/L葡萄糖和15g/L木糖混合物为发酵底物,在工作体积约为1.5L的全混釜生物反应器中,对一株树干毕赤酵母驯化菌株P2进行了一级和二级连续发酵研究。结果表明,在一级连续发酵木糖、葡萄糖混合物中,当稀释率为0.06h-1时,酒精产率达到最大0.790g/(L·h),发酵溢出液中酒精浓度为13.16g/L,还原糖利用率仅为77.51%。在二级连续发酵木糖、葡萄糖混合物时,当底物流加速度约为60mL/h时,发酵液酒精浓度为13.23～14.85g/L,还原糖利用为83.23%～84.37%。     

厌氧发酵液中酒精含量的气相色谱测定法

用国产SP—2305气相色谱仪和氢焰离子化检测器,将样品离心酸化后直接注入填有porapakQ(80—100目)4mm×2m的不锈钢柱,汽化和检测温度为200℃、柱温180℃载气N_2 30ml/min燃气H_2 35ml/min,助燃气空气600ml/min测定了运动发酵单胞菌Z. mobilis发酵液中酒精的含量,并对内算法和外算法及进样量对测定结果的影响进行了探讨。     

用光电子能谱研究金属锰、镁表面与甲醇、乙醇反应

用XPS和UPS法研究金属Mn、Mg表面与CH_3OH、C_2H_5OH的反应,室温下,ROH(R=CH_3,C_2H_5)以RO~-的形态吸附在Mg表面,Mn表面有较高的活性,ROH除以RO~-的形态被吸附外,部分还分解为O~(2-)和脱附的碳氢化合物,加热至600K时,Mn表面RO~-完全分解为O~(2-)和R,后者与表面氢结合后脱附,部分C_2H_5O~-中的碳成无定形碳并在～675K加氢脱附,ROH在氧化锰表面除以RO~-的形态被吸附外,在高于650K时还产生CH_2O_(a)、C_2H_4O_(a)等,这些物种在700K依然存在,氧化使锰表面断裂R—O和C—C键的活性降低而其脱氢活性仍然存在。     

不同方法制备的PtRu/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化

选用不同方法制备PtRu/C催化剂,运用循环伏安法、线性扫描法和计时电流法来检测乙醇及CO在不同方法制备的PtRu/C催化剂上的电催化氧化情况.发现无论在酸性溶液还是在中性溶液中,方法3制备的PtRu/C催化剂对乙醇和吸附态的CO的电氧化都有良好的催化活性.     

Ethanol and the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor-ionophore complex

Summary Ethanol has a pharmacological profile similar to that of classes of drugs like benzodiazepines and barbiturates, which enhance GABAergic transmission in the mammalian CNS. Several lines of behavioral, electrophysiological and biochemical studies suggest that ethanol may bring about most of its effects by enhancing GABAergic transmission. Recently, ethanol at relevant pharmacological concentrations has been shown to enhance GABA-induced³⁶Cl-fluxes in cultured spinal cord neurons, synaptoneurosomes and microsacs. These enhancing effects of ethanol were blocked by GABA antagonists. Ro15-4513, an azido analogue of classical BZ antagonist Ro15-1788, reversed most of the behavioral effects of ethanol and other effects involving³⁶Cl-flux studies. The studies summarized below indicate that most of the pharmacological effects of ethanol can be related to its effects on GABAergic transmission.     

The effects of ethanol on embryonic actin: A possible role in teratogenesis

Summary When the neural crest is cultured in the long or short term presence of ethanol, monoclonal anti-actin reveals the development of a disorganized actin cytoskeleton. In the long term, many cells fail to differentiate morphologically, whereas in the short term already differentiated cells rapidly alter their shape and their cell-to-cell contacts.     

Effect of chronic ethanol treatment on peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in rat liver and heart

Summary Chronic ethanol administration was shown to increase catalase and acyl-CoA oxidase activities in rat myocardium but did not alter the activity of liver peroxisomal enzymes. As a result of alcohol consumption a 2–3-fold increase in the level of lipid peroxidation was observed in the heart tissue while in the liver the induction was much less pronounced.     

酒精和冷冻处理对肌肉组织基因组DNA提取的影响

提取基因组DNA的质量对于后续的基因扩增、酶切以及测序等分子生物学研究具有关键的影响,对肌肉组织进行不同的酒精和冷冻处理会显著影响提取DNA的质量。经过-80℃超低温冷冻数日的黄鳝样品解冻,取肌肉组织放入75%酒精处理后提取的基因组DNA完整性差、降解厉害;经过-80℃超低温冷冻数日的黄鳝样品直接取肌肉组织提取的基因组DNA比较完整、降解程度低;活体采取的黄鳝新鲜肌肉组织样品经过75%酒精处理,在-80℃超低温冷冻数日然后提取的基因组DNA质量也较好,电泳条带明晰而锐利,弥散降解带较少。后两种处理方法对黄鳝肌肉组织中DNA酶活性降低显著,因此提取的肌肉组织基因组DNA质量较高,可以有力支持后续的酶切、PCR扩增等分子生物学实验。     

乙醇沉淀法回收微量DNA效率的研究

本文研究了浓度、温度、时间和携带DNA等因素对乙醇沉淀法回收微量DNA效率的影响。结果表明:1.回收效率与DNA浓度呈正相关。2.添加携带DNA能提高低浓度DNA的回收效率,浓度越低,增加比例越大.3.超低温(-70℃)、长时间(12h)冷冻处理,对回收效率无明显影响,在室温(+20℃)或低温(-20℃)下放置2～30min同样可获得较高的回收率。     

Energy, Environment, Economic Life Cycle Assessment of Cassavabased Ethanol Used as Automotive Fuel in Guangxi Province, China

A life-cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to compare the energy, environmental and economic impacts of converting cassava to fuel ethanol in Guangxi Province, China. The entire life cycle is a system that includes stages from cassava farming to ethanol fuel combustion. A computer-based model was developed to assess energy, environmental, and economic (EEE) life cycle implication of cassava-based ethanol fuel. The LCA results for fuel ethanol were compared to conventional gasoline (CG) as a base-line case. On the life-cycle bases, the use of cassava-based ethanol fuel in Guangxi may consume more energy but reduce greenhouse gas, VOC, and CO emissions. Life cycle cost results indicate that although fuel ethanol currently is not competitive compared to conventional gasoline, it has great potentials when there are subsidies and/or yields of cassava planting are improved. In terms of balancing the energy, environmental and economical, the introduction form of cassavabased ethanol fuel would be E10. The assessment results generated from this study provide an important reference for Guangxi policy makers to better understand the trade-offs among energy, environmental effects, and economics for the most effective using of regional energy resources.